A pollution-free city is one where the air and water are clean and solid pollution is eliminated. Today’s review article looks at a system in St Petersburg, Russia where waste production was outstripping landfill capacity and where a system is proposed to both reduce the waste volume and convert the emitted methane gas to energy.
Key Quotes:
“Generation of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) is closely linked to the population growth process, the urbanization rate, change of lifestyle, and an increase in household income “
“The performance of the proposed MSW utilization system in the target area has been evaluated in light of energy, economic, and environmental (3Es) aspects, such as system net cost, annual energy generated from the waste, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the system. “
“Russia is the world’s top emitter of CH4 from the waste sector, followed by USA and China, representing 37.4 million tons of CO2-eq. or 5% of total global CH4 emissions in 2006 .. the area occupied by landfills in Russia is equivalent to eight cities of the size of Moscow, or more than 0.8 million hectares”
“utilizing MSW in waste-to-energy (WTE) processes helps to mitigate GHG emissions generated from waste treatment by reducing CH4 emissions. It also reduces the impact of GHGs as they replace fossil fuels in energy production activities”
“St. Petersburg is responsible for 20% of the pollution in the Baltic Sea, where the MSW generated in the city is one of the main sources of this pollution ..the amount of MSW increased by 20% from 1994 to 2008..Annually, over 1 million tons of MSW is generated in St. Petersburg, from which over 70% is directly disposed in five disposal landfill sites located around the city”
“transportation costs consume the largest portions of the total cost of the proposed MSW utilization system.. if the waste transportation distance increases by 10 km, the final disposal rate grows sharply by more than double”
“The best way to achieve maximum GHG reductions (more than 50%) from the system is to apply the WTR scenario based on the assumption that the maximum amount of waste is recycled, with a high recycling rate at more than 80%.”
“Heat generated from waste treatment processes was the most optimal energy carrier”
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- Ouir Adventure in St.Petersburg - St. Petersburg, Russia (travelpod.com)
- Korean firm to help Sorsogon town establish sanitary landfill (sorsogoncity.wordpress.com)
- Municipal Solid Waste to Biofuels Summit 2011 (prweb.com)
- Trends in Waste-to-Energy Industry (bioenergyconsult.wordpress.com)
- Growing Size of Waste-to-Energy Industry (cleantechsolutions.wordpress.com)
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